Languages of United Kingdom

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 60,425,000. National or official languages: English, Welsh, French (regional). Literacy rate: 97%–99%. Immigrant languages: Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (5,000), Bengali (400,000), Eastern Panjabi (471,000), Estonian (14,000), Greek (200,000), Gujarati (140,000), Hakka Chinese (10,000), Hebrew (8,000), Hindi (240), Italian (200,000), Japanese (12,000), Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, Kashmiri (115,000), Kirmanjki, Latvian (12,000), Leeward Caribbean Creole English, Lithuanian, Malayalam (21,000), Maltese (40,900), Mandarin Chinese (12,000), Mirpur Panjabi (25,000), Morisyen (1,000), Moroccan Spoken Arabic (5,800), Northern Kurdish (23,800), Northern Pashto, Parsi (75,000), Portuguese (17,000), Seraiki, Shelta (30,000), Sindhi (25,000), Somali (1,600), Southern Pashto (87,000), Southwestern Caribbean Creole English (170,000), Sylheti (300,000), Tagalog (74,000), Ta’izzi-Adeni Spoken Arabic (29,000), Tamil, Turkish (60,000), Urdu (400,000), Vietnamese (22,000), Western Farsi (12,000), Western Panjabi (103,000), Yoruba (12,000), Yue Chinese (300,000). Also includes languages of Ghana, Nigeria, Guyana, West Indies. Information mainly from B. Comrie 1987; I. Hancock 1974, 1984, 1986; R. McCrum, W. Cran and R. MacNeil 1986; M. Stephens 1976. Blind population: 116,414. Deaf population: Estimates range from 909,000 to 3,524,725 (1998). Deaf institutions: 468 in England, 2 in Northern Ireland, 14 in Scotland, 34 in Wales. The number of individual languages listed for United Kingdom is 16. Of those, 12 are living languages, 2 are second languages without mother-tongue speakers, and 2 have no known speakers.

Angloromani

90,000 in United Kingdom (1990 I. Hancock). Population total all countries: 202,900. England, Scotland, Wales. Also in Australia, South Africa, United States.Alternate names: English Romani, Pogadi Chib, Posh ‘N’ Posh, Romani English, Romanichal.  Dialects: Not inherently intelligible with Welsh Romani [rmw], Traveller Swedish Traveller Norwegian or Traveller Danish .Grammar English with heavy Romani lexical borrowing. Many dialects.  Classification: Mixed language, English-Romani 

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British Sign Language

[bfi] 40,000 L1 users (1984 M. Deuchar), out of 909,000 deaf; majority probably have some degree of sign language competence (Deuchar 1977). England, Northern Ireland, Scotland. Alternate names: BSL.  Dialects: Not inherently intelligible to users of American Sign Language. Deaf community cohesive, so communication good despite regional differences. Signing varies along a continuum from something usually called “Signed English” (which draws on BSL vocabulary but uses grammatical structure like spoken English) to natural BSL. Different styles of signing used in different situations, and signers vary in terms of how much of the range of signing styles they control.  Classification: Deaf sign language 

Cornish

Some under 20 years are L1 speakers. 500 use Cornish; about 100 others who speak fluently (2003). Ethnic population: 468,425 (1991 census). Southwest, Duchy of Cornwall. Alternate names: Curnoack, Kernewek, Kernowek.  Dialects: Related to Breton Welsh, Gaulish (extinct), Irish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic  (extinct), Scottish Gaelic.  Classification: Indo-European, Celtic, Insular, Brythonic 

English

[eng] 58,100,000 in United Kingdom (2005 Crystal). Population total all countries: 328,008,138. Also in American Samoa, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Botswana, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia (Peninsular), Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Montserrat, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pitcairn, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United States, U.S. Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe.Dialects: Cockney, Scouse, Geordie, West Country, East Anglia, Birmingham (Brummy, Brummie), South Wales, Edinburgh, Belfast, Cornwall, Cumberland, Central Cumberland, Devonshire, East Devonshire, Dorset, Durham, Bolton Lancashire, North Lancashire, Radcliffe Lancashire, Northumberland, Norfolk, Newcastle Northumberland, Tyneside Northumberland, Lowland Scottish, Somerset, Sussex, Westmorland, North Wiltshire, Craven Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, Sheffield Yorkshire, West Yorkshire. Many local English varieties around the world. Lexical similarity: 60% with German, 27% with French, 24% with Russian.  Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English 

French

14,000 in United Kingdom (1976 Stephens). Channel Islands. Dialects: Jerriais, Dgernesiais.  Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French 

Gaelic, Hiberno-Scottish


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Extinct. Ireland and Scotland. Alternate names: Gaoidhealg, Hiberno-Scottish Classical Common Gaelic.  Classification: Indo-European, Celtic, Insular, Goidelic